What does a 401(k) plan generally provide its participants?

A 401(k) plan primarily serves as a retirement savings vehicle that allows employees to contribute a portion of their salary through a salary-deferral option. This feature enables participants to set aside pre-tax income towards retirement savings, which can grow tax-deferred until withdrawal. This is particularly advantageous because it can lower taxable income in the years contributions are made, while also benefiting from compounded growth over time.

In contrast, the other options do not capture the fundamental purpose of a 401(k) plan. While immediate cash withdrawal options are often subject to restrictions and penalties, health insurance benefits are typically provided through separate employer-sponsored programs rather than through a 401(k). Also, guaranteed investment returns are not a feature of standard 401(k) plans, as these plans usually involve investments in mutual funds or other instruments whose returns can fluctuate based on market performance. Therefore, the salary-deferral option is the key component defining the 401(k) structure, allowing workers to save for their future.